Imagine a world where access to education, financial services, and healthcare depends on owning a smartphone. For millions of people across Africa, this is not just a hypothetical scenario—it is their daily reality.
A farmer in rural Tanzania struggles to access digital payment systems. A young graduate in Nigeria misses out on online job opportunities. A mother in Kenya cannot book a telemedicine appointment because she lacks a smartphone.
Despite the rapid pace of global digitisation, Africa remains behind. According to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), as of November 2024, only 38 percent of Africa’s population is using the internet as opposed to the global average of 68 percent. The same organisation estimates that people in rural areas in Africa are less connected than their urban counterparts, mostly due to gaps in infrastructure.
The world is increasingly getting connected with digitisation, which is at the forefront of everything we do and pursue. Digitisation has come to dictate our lifestyles and all facets of industry. It has streamlined services and eased the way we do business through e-commerce. It has also been a potent tool for gaining and sharing information and empowering communities in Africa. People are able to connect, strengthening the sense of community and social impact.
To facilitate connectivity, the mobile phone is an essential tool to achieve the potential we can extract from digital inclusion. The ITU estimates that by the end of this year, there will be 500 million mobile phone users in Africa. Mobile phone penetration is at a rate of 65 percent annually, mostly driven by the vibrant state of social media and the increasing number of services going digital. Some countries with fast-rising mobile phone access include Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, Egypt and Ethiopia.
Mobile phones have become crucial to accessing healthcare, education and other social services. However, as of last year, about 43 percent of the African population still has no smartphone access, which is staggering given how essential connectivity has become. This entrenches social inequalities as well as stretches the deepening poverty divide.
One of the barriers to smartphone access is affordability. The cost of a smartphone for the average African is nearly 30 percent of their salary, making the move from 2G feature phones to 4G or 5G-enabled devices an uphill task. Furthermore, the cost of data is an added expense that is preventing low-income earners from accessing devices. For instance, the cost of 1 GB data in South Africa is $1.17, in Kenya, it is an average of $0.59 while in Nigeria it is $0.38.
Another challenge is regulatory and policy directives. The transition from 2G to 5G in most African countries has been leaving many behind by governments either banning or phasing out 2G phones. This may be good for operators but a challenge for users who cannot afford a smartphone. This ultimately locks out a vast majority of digital inclusion.
To push the narrative toward digital inclusion, we need a multi-stakeholder approach to ensure that disenfranchised communities can gain access to smartphones. We need to have public and private partnerships to address the lack of mobile phone penetration. Through government agencies, the public sector should invest in infrastructure that enables wide and inclusive connectivity. Having access to smartphones without a strong network connection would be counterproductive.
The writer is the Chief Growth Officer at Watu Credit.
