In the 21st Century, development transcends mere economic growth to encompass creating a sustainable future that promises prosperity, health, and equity for all. This new paradigm calls for a collective effort from both developed and developing nations to redefine global progress.
At the World Economic Forum 2025, talks highlighted the need to reconsider development. From 1990 to 2015, notable advances were made in life expectancy, income, health, and education. However, post-2015, these gains have stalled or regressed, especially in lower-income countries.
Living standards have declined, and many nations face severe debt burdens.
Despite many countries transitioning to middle income status, inequality has expanded. This paradoxical situation reflects the uneven distribution of economic gains, where the wealth generated by growth is often concentrated in the hands of a few, leaving large segments of the population in poverty.
The gap between the rich and the poor continues to widen, exacerbating social tensions and hindering overall development.
Trust between developed and developing countries is at an all-time low due to unfulfilled promises such as climate finance and development assistance. On the other hand, debt from multilateral finance institutions has stifled investment. This financial strain has limited the ability of many nations to invest in essential infrastructure and social programmes.
The rising debt levels have become a barrier to progress, trapping countries in a cycle of borrowing and repayment with little room for growth. To navigate this complex landscape, the world needs a clear, irreversible path toward inclusive, sustainable, and resilient growth, founded on mutual respect, effective communication, and shared goals.
Addressing challenges such as climate change, economic inequality, and global health crises requires a united front. The focus must shift from short-term gains to long-term stability, ensuring that every nation can flourish in an interconnected global community.
Urgent structural changes are needed in economies, including building sustainable cities, transport networks, and digital infrastructure.
Unlike in the 1990s, when the private sector was seen as the primary driver of development, today's thinking emphasises the role of governments in creating favourable investment conditions through clear policies and strategies to curb corruption.
Moreover, the urgency in addressing sustainability cannot be overstated. Delaying action on climate change and other environmental challenges could lead to exponentially higher costs in the future.
The longer we wait, the more difficult and expensive it will become to mitigate the impacts of these crises. Immediate investments in sustainable infrastructure, renewable energy, and conservation efforts are not just necessary but economically prudent.
Acting now, can prevent the catastrophic consequences of inaction and pave the way for a more resilient and equitable world.
The decision by the new US administration to abandon the previous government's commitment to climate action is regrettable.
However, this does not prevent the rest of the world from doing what is right. The global community must take collective responsibility and continue to push forward with sustainable initiatives.
Further, the cancellation of Aid is indicative of changing geopolitical dynamics that is expanding, governments in the developing world must be ready to bear the primary responsibility for development. Their goals as stated by Muhammad Yunus, must include achieving zero poverty, zero net carbon emissions, and zero concentration of power and wealth.
These goals are crucial for fostering a future where all citizens can thrive. Zero poverty requires social safety nets, quality education, and economic opportunities for all. Governments must prioritise inclusive policies to uplift vulnerable populations.
Achieving zero net carbon emissions necessitates environmental stewardship and promoting renewable energy. Zero concentration of power and wealth demands robust regulations, transparency, accountability, and adherence to the rule of law.
According to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Africa experiences an average of $88.6 billion per year in illicit financial flows. This figure starkly contrasts with the total aid to African countries, which according to Official Development Assistance (ODA) amounted to $59.7 billion in 2023.
This discrepancy highlights the urgent need for African nations to combat corruption and improve governance to retain and effectively use resources for their development goals.
The redefinition of development in the 21st century emphasizes the necessity for global cooperation and comprehensive strategies to achieve sustainable, equitable, and resilient growth. This paradigm shift calls for a commitment to long-term stability over short-term gains, addressing the root causes of inequality, and ensuring that every nation could thrive.
As we face the pressing challenges of climate change, economic disparities, and global health crises, it is imperative for both developed and developing nations to unite under a shared vision.
In fostering mutual respect, clear communication, and a collective responsibility towards our planet and its inhabitants, we can pave the way for a brighter, more inclusive future for all.
The writer is Kenya’s Ambassador to Belgium, Mission to the European Union, Organisation of African Caribbean and Pacific States and World Customs Organisation.
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