A reflection on the "Scar in the Conscience of Humanity" in the context of ongoing conflicts in Africa

In the 21st century, Africa stands at a crossroads. Endowed with immense natural resources, a vibrant young population, and growing economic hubs; the ongoing wars and conflicts in the continent remains a significant barrier to its development and prospects for shared prosperity.

I can vividly recall in the year 2000, Tony Blair, then Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, made a bold and poignant statement about Africa.

He described the continent as "the scar in the conscience of humanity," in a speech to the British Parliament; acknowledging the deep-seated issues African nations face, especially in terms of poverty, disease, and conflict.

Do his words resonate with the reality of the time, as we witness ongoing wars and instability across Africa? Are the conflicts in Africa something far more complex?

The history of warfare in Africa is both long and complex. From the colonial era, which left behind arbitrary borders that divided ethnic groups and sowed seeds of division, to the post-colonial struggles for independence and governance, Africa has seen a myriad of conflicts.

These wars, both internal and external, have often been fueled by the legacies of colonialism, competing regional interests, and the desire for control over resources. Wars lead to widespread destruction, loss of life, and mass displacement. Conflicts disrupt national economies, causing business closures, disrupted trade and trade routes, and the withdrawal of investments.

Governments divert funds from essential services to military spending and additionally, instability deters both foreign and domestic investments, stifling economic growth, job creation, and industrial development.

Conflict often results in widespread poverty, which, in turn, can perpetuate instability. Poverty fuels desperation, making it easier for armed groups and warlords to recruit fighters and sustain conflict. The lack of basic needs, such as food, water, and healthcare, leads to further marginalisation of affected populations, leaving them vulnerable to exploitation and violence.

The Silencing the Guns initiative, launched by the African Union (AU) in 2013, directly addresses the central challenge of conflict in Africa.

This initiative, which is a cornerstone of the AU’s Agenda 2063, aims to end all wars, civil conflicts, gender-based violence, and the proliferation of small arms and light weapons on the continent by 2020.

Read: WACHIRA: How critical technology minerals are fuelling conflict in DR Congo

While the deadline for this ambitious goal has passed, the initiative remains crucial to Africa’s future, as it emphasizes peace as a prerequisite for development and prosperity.

The Silencing the Guns initiative is a vital component of Agenda 2063, aiming to promote peace through conflict prevention, mediation, and resolution while encouraging African leaders and institutions to actively address security issues. The goal is clear: the guns must fall silent.

While the wars and conflicts that continue in parts of Africa are undeniably a stain on the global conscience, it is essential to recognize that the narrative of the continent is changing. Africa is not merely a victim of conflict; it is also a place of resilience, transformation, and innovation.

Many African nations have seen rapid economic growth, strengthened democratic institutions, and increasing regional cooperation. Countries like Rwanda, Ghana, and Botswana are often held up as examples of positive change in governance and development. We have seen sustained stability for countries that were previously facing instability such as Liberia and Sierra Leone.

Additionally, the continent is home to a burgeoning tech industry, with countries like Kenya and Nigeria leading the charge in innovation.

As Africa continues to navigate its complex path, it becomes clear that the solutions to its wars and conflicts are multifaceted and the African nations must continue their work toward self-determination and self-sufficiency, recognizing that lasting peace is often achieved from within.

The connection between war and the need for stronger governance as a preventative measure cannot be emphasized enough. Weak institutions, lack of rule of law, and corruption often contribute to the onset of conflict. Nations that lack effective governance structures are less equipped to handle social and economic grievances which can morph inti conflicts.

Strengthening institutions is a crucial aspect of ensuring long-term peace and stability and the continent must prioritise good governance, transparency, and accountability to create the conditions necessary for development. Stronger institutions also foster an environment where business can thrive, resources can be equitably distributed, and citizens’ needs can be met.

The road to prosperity for Africa is not without its challenges but requires peace, collaboration, and a commitment to addressing the root causes of conflict.

By focusing on conflict resolution, fostering regional integration, and prioritizing good governance, Africa can overcome its current obstacles and unlock its true potential as a hub of growth, innovation, and shared prosperity.

Dr. Abdi A. Roba is a Governance, Public Policy and Development Specialist. Email: [email protected]